Heart Attack Myths Debunked: Insights from Dr. Isaac Okyere of KNUST
Heart attacks, often perceived as a condition exclusive to the elderly, are surrounded by a myriad of misconceptions.
In an enlightening discussion, Dr. Isaac Okyere, a prominent Heart and Lung Surgeon and Senior Lecturer at the Department of Surgery, KNUST, sheds light on the realities of heart attacks, their causes, symptoms, and the myths that cloud public understanding.
Understanding Heart Attacks "A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is blocked," explained Dr. Okyere. "This blockage is usually the result of a buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances which form a plaque in the coronary arteries." Over time, these deposits narrow the arteries, decreasing blood flow to the heart. When the plaque ruptures, a blood clot forms, completely obstructing the blood flow and causing parts of the heart muscle to die. Dr. Okyere emphasized that while heart attacks predominantly affect adults, they are not unheard of in younger populations, including children. "Although it is rare, children can suffer heart attacks, especially if they have underlying heart conditions," he noted.
Symptoms and Misconceptions Classic symptoms of a heart attack include severe chest pain, which many describe as a tightening or squeezing sensation. However, not all heart attacks present with chest pain, particularly in women, the elderly, and diabetics. "Symptoms can vary significantly," Dr. Okyere stated.
"Some individuals might experience nausea, shortness of breath, or even discomfort in areas such as the jaw, neck, or back." One prevalent myth is that a rapid heartbeat signals a heart attack. "Variations in heart rate are normal," Dr. Okyere clarified.
"Your heart rate increases during physical activity or stress, which is a normal physiological response and not necessarily indicative of a heart attack."
Lifestyle and Risk Factors Heart disease is closely linked to lifestyle choices. Sedentary behaviour, poor diet, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption significantly elevate the risk. "Our modern lifestyles, characterized by lack of exercise and poor dietary habits, are major contributors to heart disease," said Dr. Okyere.
He also highlighted the role of chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension, which exacerbate the risk. Managing stress is another crucial factor.
"Stress can have a profound impact on heart health," he warned. "Even if you are slim, unmanaged stress can lead to hypertension and other heart-related issues." .
Busting Myths Dr. Okyere addressed several myths that persist despite medical advancements: Myth: Only Elderly People Have Heart Attacks Reality: While the risk increases with age, young adults and even children can suffer heart attacks, particularly if they have risk factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, or underlying heart conditions. Myth: No Chest Pain Means No Heart Attack Reality: Heart attacks do not always present with chest pain.
Symptoms like shortness of breath, nausea, and discomfort in other parts of the body can also indicate a heart attack. Myth: Fast Heartbeat Equals Heart Attack Reality: A fast heartbeat can be a normal response to exercise or stress. It does not automatically mean a heart attack is occurring.
Myth: Heart Attacks and Cardiac Arrest Are the Same Reality: A heart attack occurs when the heart muscle is damaged due to a lack of blood supply, whereas cardiac arrest means the heart has stopped beating.
A heart attack can lead to cardiac arrest, but they are distinct conditions. Emergency Response In the event of a heart attack, immediate action is crucial. "Time is muscle," stressed Dr. Okyere. "The sooner the blood flow is restored, the less damage to the heart muscle."
If someone is experiencing a heart attack, the best course of action is to call for emergency services immediately. While waiting, make the person lie down to reduce the heart's workload and, if possible, administer aspirin to prevent further clotting. Prevention and Management Preventing heart disease involves a multifaceted approach: Diet: Eating foods low in cholesterol and saturated fats.
Exercise: Regular physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight and lowers blood pressure. Regular Check-ups: Monitoring glucose levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol.
Stress Management: Ensuring adequate rest and finding effective ways to manage stress. Avoiding Tobacco and Excessive Alcohol: Both are significant risk factors for heart disease.
"People need to take proactive steps in managing their health," advised Dr. Okyere. "By adopting healthier lifestyles, regular check-ups, and being aware of the symptoms, we can reduce the incidence and impact of heart attacks."
Published: 1st July, 2024 Source: KNUST E-Learning Centre